Voice
Assertive Sentence
Rule 1 :Assertive Sentence
Tense
|
Kinds
|
Active
|
Passive
|
Present Indefinite Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + V1 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] +am/is/are + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + don’t/ doesn’t + V1 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + am/is/are + not + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + am/is/are + V1 + ing + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] +am/is/are + being + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Tense
|
Negative
|
Subject + am/is/are + not + V1 + ing +
Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + am/is/are + not + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Present Perfect Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + have/has + V3 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + have/has + been + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + have/has + not + V3 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + have/has + not + been + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
Present Perfect
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + have/has + been + V1 + ing +
Object + since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + have/has + been + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/for + Time
|
Continuous Tense
|
Negative
|
Subject + have/has + not + been + V1 + ing +
Object + since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + have/has + not + been +
being + V3 + by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/for + Time
|
Past Indefinite Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + V2 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + was/were + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + did not + V1 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + was/were + not + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
\
Past Continuous Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + was/were+ V1 + ing + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + was/were + being + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + was/were + not + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
Past Perfect Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + had + V3 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + had + been + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + had + not + V3 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + had + not + been + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
Past Perfect Continuous
Tense |
Affirmative
|
Subject + had + been + V1 + ing + Object +
since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + had + been + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/for + Time
|
Negative
|
Subject + had + not + been + V1 + ing +
Object + since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + had + not + been + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/for + Time
|
|
Future Indefinite Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + shall/will + V1 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will + be + V3 +
by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + shall/will + not + V1 + Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will + not + be + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
|
Future Continuous
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + shall/will + be + V1 + ing +
Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will + be + being + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Tense
|
Negative
|
Subject + shall/will + not + be + V1 + ing +
Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will + not + be +
being + V3 + by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Future Perfect Tense
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + ing +
Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will+ have + been + V3
+ by + Subject [Objective Case]
|
Negative
|
Subject + shall/will + not + have + V3 + ing
+ Object
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shan’t/won’t + have + been + V3 + by + Subject
[Objective Case]
|
|
Future Perfect
|
Affirmative
|
Subject + shall/will + have + been + V1 +
ing + Object + since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shall/will + have + been +
being + V3 + by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/ for + Time
|
Continuous Tense
|
Negative
|
Subject + shan’t/won’t + have + been + V1 +
ing + Object + since/for + Time
|
Object [Subjective Case] + shan’t/won’t + have + been +
being + V3 + by + Subject [Objective Case] + since/ for + Time
|
Exercise:
1. Several ferry and launch sinkings in the past have
killed hundreds, like the MV Salahuddin – 2 and the MV Nasrin – 1. (Passive)
= Hundreds have been killed by several ferry and launch sinkings in the past like MV Salahuddin – 2 and the MV Nasrin – 1.
2. The scenery of setting sun surprised me. (Passive)
= I was surprised by the scenery of setting sun.
3. The novels of Tolstoy give me much interest. (Passive)
= I am given much interest by the novels of Tolstoy.
4. Various kinds of fruits had been given by them. (Active)
= They had given various kinds of fruits.
5. We will be using them for various purposes. (Passive)
= They will be being used by us for various purposes.
6. His friend has not helped him at all. (Passive)
= He has not been helped by his friend at all.
7. Deafness is caused by sound pollution. (Active)
= Sound pollution causes deafness.
8. All the teachers have been helping him since his admission. (Passive)
= He has been being helped by all the teachers since his admission.
9. The day has not being been enjoyed by people as a restriction of the company.
= People have been enjoying the day as a restriction of the company.
10. Entertaining programs were not telecast by different TV channels on this day. (Active)
= Different TV channels did not telecast entertaining programs on this day.
11. A letter was written to her mother by her yesterday. (Active)
= She wrote a letter to her mother yesterday.
12. Ancient merchants had been using this river for its convenient network. (Passive)
= This river had been being used by ancient merchants for its convenient network.
13. We have been being helped by them since 1971. (Active)
= They have been helping us since 1971.
14. We will have been being threatened by the wicked boy for a couple of weeks. (Active)
= The wicked boy will have been being threatening us for a couple of weeks.
15. Newspaper has been helping us since its invention. (Passive)
= We have been being helped by newspaper since its invention.
16. Good health keeps one fit and free from diseases. (Passive)
= One is kept fit and free from diseases by good health.
17. Even a balanced diet is not taken by the rich people because of ignorance. (Active)
= Even the rich people do not take a balanced diet because of ignorance.
18. He considered poverty a curse. (Passive)
= Poverty was considered a curse by him.
19. The new born baby of her aunt keeps her very busy. (Passive)
= She is kept very busy by the new born baby of her aunt.
20. Her mother is not being helped in household chores by her. (Active)
= She is not helping her mother in household chores.
21. Floods are often caused by heavy rainfall. (Active)
= Heavy rainfall often causes floods.
22. Crops have been damaged by floods. (Active)
= Floods have damaged crops.
23. Different types of crops were being grown by them. (Active)
= They were growing different types of crops.
24. I will have accepted the invitation. (Passive)
= The invitation will have been accepted by me.
25. She will help the weak students. (Passive)
= The weak students will be helped by her.
26. Government wasn’t taking essential measures to solve this problem. (Passive)
= Essential measures weren’t being taken by government to solve this problem.
27. It won’t be introduced by the British govt. (Active)
= The British govt will not introduce it.
28. He has not produced paddy on others land. (Passive)
= Paddy has not been produced by him on others land.
29. Some farmers won’t be cultivating lands during rainy season. (Passive)
= Lands won’t be being cultivated by some farmers during rainy season.
30. Street children deserve our sympathy. (Passive)
= Our sympathy is deserved by street children.
= Hundreds have been killed by several ferry and launch sinkings in the past like MV Salahuddin – 2 and the MV Nasrin – 1.
2. The scenery of setting sun surprised me. (Passive)
= I was surprised by the scenery of setting sun.
3. The novels of Tolstoy give me much interest. (Passive)
= I am given much interest by the novels of Tolstoy.
4. Various kinds of fruits had been given by them. (Active)
= They had given various kinds of fruits.
5. We will be using them for various purposes. (Passive)
= They will be being used by us for various purposes.
6. His friend has not helped him at all. (Passive)
= He has not been helped by his friend at all.
7. Deafness is caused by sound pollution. (Active)
= Sound pollution causes deafness.
8. All the teachers have been helping him since his admission. (Passive)
= He has been being helped by all the teachers since his admission.
9. The day has not being been enjoyed by people as a restriction of the company.
= People have been enjoying the day as a restriction of the company.
10. Entertaining programs were not telecast by different TV channels on this day. (Active)
= Different TV channels did not telecast entertaining programs on this day.
11. A letter was written to her mother by her yesterday. (Active)
= She wrote a letter to her mother yesterday.
12. Ancient merchants had been using this river for its convenient network. (Passive)
= This river had been being used by ancient merchants for its convenient network.
13. We have been being helped by them since 1971. (Active)
= They have been helping us since 1971.
14. We will have been being threatened by the wicked boy for a couple of weeks. (Active)
= The wicked boy will have been being threatening us for a couple of weeks.
15. Newspaper has been helping us since its invention. (Passive)
= We have been being helped by newspaper since its invention.
16. Good health keeps one fit and free from diseases. (Passive)
= One is kept fit and free from diseases by good health.
17. Even a balanced diet is not taken by the rich people because of ignorance. (Active)
= Even the rich people do not take a balanced diet because of ignorance.
18. He considered poverty a curse. (Passive)
= Poverty was considered a curse by him.
19. The new born baby of her aunt keeps her very busy. (Passive)
= She is kept very busy by the new born baby of her aunt.
20. Her mother is not being helped in household chores by her. (Active)
= She is not helping her mother in household chores.
21. Floods are often caused by heavy rainfall. (Active)
= Heavy rainfall often causes floods.
22. Crops have been damaged by floods. (Active)
= Floods have damaged crops.
23. Different types of crops were being grown by them. (Active)
= They were growing different types of crops.
24. I will have accepted the invitation. (Passive)
= The invitation will have been accepted by me.
25. She will help the weak students. (Passive)
= The weak students will be helped by her.
26. Government wasn’t taking essential measures to solve this problem. (Passive)
= Essential measures weren’t being taken by government to solve this problem.
27. It won’t be introduced by the British govt. (Active)
= The British govt will not introduce it.
28. He has not produced paddy on others land. (Passive)
= Paddy has not been produced by him on others land.
29. Some farmers won’t be cultivating lands during rainy season. (Passive)
= Lands won’t be being cultivated by some farmers during rainy season.
30. Street children deserve our sympathy. (Passive)
= Our sympathy is deserved by street children.
Rule 2: Factitive Object:
Some Verbs (select, elect, nominate, call, name, make, teach, keep, offer etc)
have their objects. But they cannot make a complete sense. So, Extra objects
are brought to make the change.
Exercise:
1. We selected him captain. (Passive)
= He was selected captain by us.
2. They elected him chairman. (Passive)
= He was elected Chairman by them.
3. Someone had mentioned her name to me. (Passive)
= I had been mentioned her name by someone.
4. Heat and power make animate and inanimate objects move and work. (Passive)
= Animate and inanimate objects are made move and work by heat and power.
5. He called it Laurel. (Passive)
= It was called Laurel by him.
6. She nominated him Mayor. (Passive)
= He was nominated Mayor by her.
7. Houses keep us safe and sound. (Passive)
= We are kept safe and sound by houses.
8. It gives us milk and meat. (Passive)
= We are given milk and meat by it.
9. The sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Passive)
= The water snakes were being watched swimming round the ship by the sailor.
10. People consider him the greatest physicist after Einstein. (Passive)
= He is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein by people.
11. We call him a fool. (Passive)
= He is called a fool by us.
12. Mr. Aziz teaches us English. (Passive)
= We are taught English by Mr. Aziz.
13. People call it pleasure seeker’s paradise. (Passive)
= It is called pleasure seeker’s paradise.
14. The spider did not give up the struggle. (Passive)
= The struggle was not given up by the spider.
15. The invigilator gave me the answer script. (Passive)
= I was given the answer script by the invigilator.
= He was selected captain by us.
2. They elected him chairman. (Passive)
= He was elected Chairman by them.
3. Someone had mentioned her name to me. (Passive)
= I had been mentioned her name by someone.
4. Heat and power make animate and inanimate objects move and work. (Passive)
= Animate and inanimate objects are made move and work by heat and power.
5. He called it Laurel. (Passive)
= It was called Laurel by him.
6. She nominated him Mayor. (Passive)
= He was nominated Mayor by her.
7. Houses keep us safe and sound. (Passive)
= We are kept safe and sound by houses.
8. It gives us milk and meat. (Passive)
= We are given milk and meat by it.
9. The sailor was watching the water snakes swimming round the ship. (Passive)
= The water snakes were being watched swimming round the ship by the sailor.
10. People consider him the greatest physicist after Einstein. (Passive)
= He is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein by people.
11. We call him a fool. (Passive)
= He is called a fool by us.
12. Mr. Aziz teaches us English. (Passive)
= We are taught English by Mr. Aziz.
13. People call it pleasure seeker’s paradise. (Passive)
= It is called pleasure seeker’s paradise.
14. The spider did not give up the struggle. (Passive)
= The struggle was not given up by the spider.
15. The invigilator gave me the answer script. (Passive)
= I was given the answer script by the invigilator.
Rule 3: Change with Modal
Auxiliary Verb.
Active
|
Passive
|
Subject + can/ can’t/ could/ couldn’t/ may/ mayn’t/
might/ mightn’t/ shall/ shan’t/ should/ shouldn’t/ will/ won’t/ would/
wouldn’t/ must/ mustn’t/ ought to/ ought not to/ had to/ didn’t have to/ (have
to / has to) / (don’t have to / doesn’t have to)/ (am/is/are/was/were + to)/
(am/is/are/was/were + going + to)/ (am/is/are/was/were + not + going + to)/ (am/is/are/was/were
+ supposed + to)/ (am/is/are/was/were + not + supposed + to)/ had better/
would rather/ can’t but/ couldn’t but + V1 + Object.
|
Object (Subjective Case) + Appropriate Modal Auxiliary
Verb + be + V3 + by + Subject (Objective Case).
|
Subject + may have/ might have/ must have/ should have/
could have/ would have + V3 + Object.
|
Object (Subjective Case) + may have/ might have/ must
have/ should have/ could have/ would have + been + V3 + by +
Subject (Objective Case).
|
Exercise:
1. He can do it. (Passive)
= It can be done by him.
2. You may help him. (Passive)
= He may be helped by you.
3. He must have done it. (Passive)
= It must have been done by him.
4. I am going to buy a car. (Passive)
= A car is going be bought by me.
5. We must adopt some new politics to resist the intrusion of foreign culture. (Passive)
= Some new politics must be adopted by us to resist the intrusion of foreign culture.
6. Rather they should be helped by us. (Active)
= Rather we should help them.
7. He could have used information technology in newer fields. (Passive)
= Information technology could have been used by him in newer fields.
8. People are not supposed to bear in mind the fact. (Passive)
= The fact is not supposed to borne in mind by the people.
9. You don’t have to repay the loan in time. (Passive)
= The loan doesn’t have to be repaid by you in time.
10. New laws would have been made by us to fight against terrorism. (Active)
= We would have made new laws to fight against terrorism.
11. You should love your relatives. (Passive)
= Your relatives should be loved by you.
12. The students must prepare home work. (Passive)
= Home work must be prepared by the students.
13. I have to complete the work. (Passive)
= The work has to be completed by me.
14. The citizens ought to love the country. (Passive)
= The country ought to be loved by the citizens.
15. The criminal must be punished by the Judge. (Active)
= The judge must punish the criminal.
16. The essay is to be written by Joma. (Active)
= Joma is to write the essay.
17. I can’t but do it. (Passive)
= It can’t but be done by me.
18. We could not but accept the loss. (Passive)
= The loss could not but be accepted by us.
19. You had better leave the Job. (Passive)
= The Job had better be left by you.
20. The offer would rather be taken by him. (Active)
= He would rather take the offer.
21. We are going to start a business. (Active)
= A business is going to be started by us.
22. I am supposed to make a journey by plane. (Passive)
= A journey by plane is supposed to be made by me.
23. I need not play cricket. (Passive)
= Cricket need not to be played by me.
24. People can use internet in it. (Passive)
= Internet can be used in it.
25. They should not consider them to be valuable things. (Passive)
= They should not be considered to be valuable things by them.
= It can be done by him.
2. You may help him. (Passive)
= He may be helped by you.
3. He must have done it. (Passive)
= It must have been done by him.
4. I am going to buy a car. (Passive)
= A car is going be bought by me.
5. We must adopt some new politics to resist the intrusion of foreign culture. (Passive)
= Some new politics must be adopted by us to resist the intrusion of foreign culture.
6. Rather they should be helped by us. (Active)
= Rather we should help them.
7. He could have used information technology in newer fields. (Passive)
= Information technology could have been used by him in newer fields.
8. People are not supposed to bear in mind the fact. (Passive)
= The fact is not supposed to borne in mind by the people.
9. You don’t have to repay the loan in time. (Passive)
= The loan doesn’t have to be repaid by you in time.
10. New laws would have been made by us to fight against terrorism. (Active)
= We would have made new laws to fight against terrorism.
11. You should love your relatives. (Passive)
= Your relatives should be loved by you.
12. The students must prepare home work. (Passive)
= Home work must be prepared by the students.
13. I have to complete the work. (Passive)
= The work has to be completed by me.
14. The citizens ought to love the country. (Passive)
= The country ought to be loved by the citizens.
15. The criminal must be punished by the Judge. (Active)
= The judge must punish the criminal.
16. The essay is to be written by Joma. (Active)
= Joma is to write the essay.
17. I can’t but do it. (Passive)
= It can’t but be done by me.
18. We could not but accept the loss. (Passive)
= The loss could not but be accepted by us.
19. You had better leave the Job. (Passive)
= The Job had better be left by you.
20. The offer would rather be taken by him. (Active)
= He would rather take the offer.
21. We are going to start a business. (Active)
= A business is going to be started by us.
22. I am supposed to make a journey by plane. (Passive)
= A journey by plane is supposed to be made by me.
23. I need not play cricket. (Passive)
= Cricket need not to be played by me.
24. People can use internet in it. (Passive)
= Internet can be used in it.
25. They should not consider them to be valuable things. (Passive)
= They should not be considered to be valuable things by them.
Rule 4: Change with Reflexive
Object (myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves)
Active
|
Passive
|
(Sub + Verb + Object) / (Sub + Auxiliary Verb + Verb +
Object)
|
Subject + Auxiliary Verb Of Passive + V3 +
by + Reflexive Object.
|
(Sub + don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t + V1 + Object)
/ (Sub + Auxiliary Verb + not + Verb + Object)
|
Subject + Auxiliary Verb Of Passive + not + V3 +
by + Reflexive Object.
|
Exercise:
1. She killed herself. (Passive)
= She was killed by herself.
2. He fans himself. (Passive)
= He is fanned by himself.
3. They helped themselves without a leader. (Passive)
= They were helped by themselves without a leader.
4. They killed each other. (Passive)
= They were killed by each other.
5. We could not save ourselves. (Passive)
= We could not be saved by ourselves.
6. He was hurt by himself. (Active)
= He hurt himself.
7. He was poisoned by himself. (Active)
= He poisoned himself.
= She was killed by herself.
2. He fans himself. (Passive)
= He is fanned by himself.
3. They helped themselves without a leader. (Passive)
= They were helped by themselves without a leader.
4. They killed each other. (Passive)
= They were killed by each other.
5. We could not save ourselves. (Passive)
= We could not be saved by ourselves.
6. He was hurt by himself. (Active)
= He hurt himself.
7. He was poisoned by himself. (Active)
= He poisoned himself.
Rule 5: Quasi-Passive Verb: Some
Transitive verbs which are active in form but passive in sense, are called
Quasi-Passive Verbs.
Active
|
Passive
|
(Sub + Verb + Object) / (Sub + Auxiliary Verb + Verb +
Object)
|
(Sub + Be verb + Complement + when +
It/they + Be verb + V3) /
Subject + Auxiliary Verb Of Passive + V3 +
Object.
|
(Sub + don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t + V1 + Object)
/ (Sub + Auxiliary Verb + not + Verb + Object)
|
(Sub + Be verb + not + Complement +
when + It/they + Be verb + V3) / Subject + Auxiliary Verb Of Passive + not +
V3 + Object.
|
Exercise:
1. Rice sells cheap. (Passive)
= Rice is sold cheap.
2. The house is building.
= The house is being built.
3. Honey tastes sweet. (Passive)
= Honey is tested sweet.
4. The book reads well. (Passive)
= The book is read well.
5. The cows are milking. (Passive)
= The cows are being milked.
6. The drums are beating. (Passive)
= The drums are being beaten.
7. The book is printing. (Passive)
= The book is being printed.
8. The bed is soft when it is felt. (Active)
= The bed feels soft.
9. This story is read funny. (Active)
= This story reads funny.
10. You look beautiful. (Passive)
= You are looked beautiful.
= Rice is sold cheap.
2. The house is building.
= The house is being built.
3. Honey tastes sweet. (Passive)
= Honey is tested sweet.
4. The book reads well. (Passive)
= The book is read well.
5. The cows are milking. (Passive)
= The cows are being milked.
6. The drums are beating. (Passive)
= The drums are being beaten.
7. The book is printing. (Passive)
= The book is being printed.
8. The bed is soft when it is felt. (Active)
= The bed feels soft.
9. This story is read funny. (Active)
= This story reads funny.
10. You look beautiful. (Passive)
= You are looked beautiful.
Rule 6: Change with Appropriate
prepositions & Group verbs.
1) Look after
2) Look for
3) Look up
4) Look down upon
5) Look at
6) Look into7) Pen through8) Abide by
9) Do away with10) Go through
11) Come across12) Put out
13) Put up with
14) Give away
15) Depend on
16) Agree to
17) Listen to
1) Look after
2) Look for
3) Look up
4) Look down upon
5) Look at
6) Look into7) Pen through8) Abide by
9) Do away with10) Go through
11) Come across12) Put out
13) Put up with
14) Give away
15) Depend on
16) Agree to
17) Listen to
Exercise:
1. I am looking for my pen.
(Passive)
= My pen is being looked for by me.
2. The rich look down upon the poor. (Passive)
= The poor are looked down upon by the rich.
3. These lines were penned through by the teacher. (Active)
= The teacher peened through these lines.
4. The new comer may be laughed at by his classmates. (Active)
= The newcomer’s classmates may laugh at him.
5. Akhi looks after her baby. (Passive)
= Akhi’s baby is looked after by her.
6. We must listen to our teachers. (Passive)
= Our teachers must be listened to by us.
7. The students should abide by the rules of the school. (Passive)
= The rules of the school should be abided by by the students.
8. I can’t put up with such insult. (Passive)
= Such insult can’t be put up with by me.
9. Now a days, students don’t depend on the teachers. (Passive)
= Now a days, the teachers are not depended on by students.
10. They will agree to our proposal. (Passive)
= Our proposal will be agreed to by them.
= My pen is being looked for by me.
2. The rich look down upon the poor. (Passive)
= The poor are looked down upon by the rich.
3. These lines were penned through by the teacher. (Active)
= The teacher peened through these lines.
4. The new comer may be laughed at by his classmates. (Active)
= The newcomer’s classmates may laugh at him.
5. Akhi looks after her baby. (Passive)
= Akhi’s baby is looked after by her.
6. We must listen to our teachers. (Passive)
= Our teachers must be listened to by us.
7. The students should abide by the rules of the school. (Passive)
= The rules of the school should be abided by by the students.
8. I can’t put up with such insult. (Passive)
= Such insult can’t be put up with by me.
9. Now a days, students don’t depend on the teachers. (Passive)
= Now a days, the teachers are not depended on by students.
10. They will agree to our proposal. (Passive)
= Our proposal will be agreed to by them.
Rule 7: Different Prepositions before passive subject.
1) Satisfied with
2) satisfied at
3) pleased at
4) pleased with
5) annoyed with6) annoyed at
7) vexed with
8) vexed at
2) satisfied at
3) pleased at
4) pleased with
5) annoyed with6) annoyed at
7) vexed with
8) vexed at
9) surprised with10) surprised
at
11) marvelled with12) marvelled at
13) filled with
14) interested in
11) marvelled with12) marvelled at
13) filled with
14) interested in
15) contained in
16) shocked at
17) seized with
18) known to
19) gratify with
20) blessed with
16) shocked at
17) seized with
18) known to
19) gratify with
20) blessed with
Exercise:
1. He annoyed me. (Passive)
= I was annoyed with him.
2. The beauty of the girl marveled him. (Passive)
= He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.
3. His behavior surprised me. (Passive)
= I was surprised at his behavior.
4. Panic seized the writer. (Passive)
= The writer was seized with panic.
5. His performance satisfied the teacher. (Passive)
= The teacher was satisfied with his performance.
6. The parcel contains important materials. (Passive)
= Important materials are contained in the parcel.
7. The news shocked him. (Passive)
= He was shocked at the news.
8. I know the boy. (Passive)
= The boy is known to me.
9. All are satisfied with the girl. (Active)
= The girl satisfies all.
10. Her work satisfied us. (Passive)
= We were satisfied at her work.
11. His strange remark surprised the audience. (Passive)
= The audience were surprised at his strange remark.
12. Smoke filled the room. (Passive)
= The room was filled with smoke.
13. This book has greatly interested me. (Passive)
= I have greatly been interested in this book.
14. Happiness and peace blessed him. (Passive)
= He is blessed with happiness and peace.
= I was annoyed with him.
2. The beauty of the girl marveled him. (Passive)
= He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.
3. His behavior surprised me. (Passive)
= I was surprised at his behavior.
4. Panic seized the writer. (Passive)
= The writer was seized with panic.
5. His performance satisfied the teacher. (Passive)
= The teacher was satisfied with his performance.
6. The parcel contains important materials. (Passive)
= Important materials are contained in the parcel.
7. The news shocked him. (Passive)
= He was shocked at the news.
8. I know the boy. (Passive)
= The boy is known to me.
9. All are satisfied with the girl. (Active)
= The girl satisfies all.
10. Her work satisfied us. (Passive)
= We were satisfied at her work.
11. His strange remark surprised the audience. (Passive)
= The audience were surprised at his strange remark.
12. Smoke filled the room. (Passive)
= The room was filled with smoke.
13. This book has greatly interested me. (Passive)
= I have greatly been interested in this book.
14. Happiness and peace blessed him. (Passive)
= He is blessed with happiness and peace.
Rule 8: Active: There + is + no + Noun + to + V1
Passive: There + is + no + Noun + to be + V3
Exercise:
1. There is no time to lose. (Passive)
= There is no time to be lost.
2. There is no money to spend. (Passive)
= There is no money to be spent.
3. There is no subject left to think. (Passive)
= There is no subject left to be thought.
4. There is no step to be taken. (Active)
= There is not step to take.
5. There is nothing to write. (Passive)
= There is nothing to be written.
Passive: There + is + no + Noun + to be + V3
Exercise:
1. There is no time to lose. (Passive)
= There is no time to be lost.
2. There is no money to spend. (Passive)
= There is no money to be spent.
3. There is no subject left to think. (Passive)
= There is no subject left to be thought.
4. There is no step to be taken. (Active)
= There is not step to take.
5. There is nothing to write. (Passive)
= There is nothing to be written.
Rule 9: Change with infinitives:
Active
|
Passive
|
Sub + Verb + Object (Before
Infinitive) + to + V1 + Object (After Infinitive).
|
Sub + Verb + Object (Before
Infinitive) + that + Object (After Infinitive) + should be + V3 (From
Infinitive).
|
Sub + love/ desire/ wish/ like/
want + Object + to + V1 + Object.
|
Sub + Verb + Object (After
Infinitive) + to be + V3 + by + Object (Before Infinitive)
|
Sub + see/ need/ bid/ dare/ make/
hear/ feel/ know behold / watch + Object 1+ V1 + Object 2
|
Object 1 (SC) + AV of passive + V3
+ to + V1 (Hidden Infinitive) + Object 2+ by + Subject (OC)
|
Exercise:
1. He made me do the work. (Passive)
= I was made to do the work by him.
2. I saw him go.
= He was seen to go by me.
3. He decided to sell the house. (Passive)
= He decided that the house should be sold.
4. I want him to write the letter. (Passive)
= I want the letter to be written by him.
5. He wants me to do the work. (Passive)
= He wants the work to be done by me.
6. She desires someone to take photographs. (Passive)
= She desires photographs to be taken.
7. I don’t like someone to insult me. (Passive)
= I don’t like to be insulted by someone.
8. It is time to change our food habits. (Passive)
= It is time that our habits should be changed.
9. The Manager urged the supervisor to reduce the rates. (Passive)
= The Manager urged the supervisor that the rates should be reduced.
10. He advised me to solve the problem. (Passive)
= He advised me that the problem should be solved.
= I was made to do the work by him.
2. I saw him go.
= He was seen to go by me.
3. He decided to sell the house. (Passive)
= He decided that the house should be sold.
4. I want him to write the letter. (Passive)
= I want the letter to be written by him.
5. He wants me to do the work. (Passive)
= He wants the work to be done by me.
6. She desires someone to take photographs. (Passive)
= She desires photographs to be taken.
7. I don’t like someone to insult me. (Passive)
= I don’t like to be insulted by someone.
8. It is time to change our food habits. (Passive)
= It is time that our habits should be changed.
9. The Manager urged the supervisor to reduce the rates. (Passive)
= The Manager urged the supervisor that the rates should be reduced.
10. He advised me to solve the problem. (Passive)
= He advised me that the problem should be solved.
Rule 10: Voice Change of Complex and Compound Sentence.
Exercise:
1. We received him and gave him a
valuable gift. (Passive)
= He was received and given a valuable gift by us.
2. We went there but found nothing. (Passive)
= We went there but nothing was found.
3. As we invited him, he didn’t miss the program. (Passive)
= As he was invited by us, the program was not missed by him.
4. Though he is poor, we respect him. (Passive)
= Though he is poor, he is respected by us.
5. We know that the earth is round. (Passive)
= It is known to us that the earth is round. / That the earth is round is known to us.
6. No one knows what the truth is. (Passive)
= It is known to none what the truth is.
7. I knew when he would come. (Passive)
= It was known to me when he would come. / When he would come was known to me.
8. That America was discovered by Columbus is known to us. (Active)
= We know that Columbus discovered America.
9. One should read only what one likes. (Passive)
= What is liked by one should be read only.
10. We must endure what we can’t cure. (Passive)
= What can’t be cured must be endured.
11. What is done can’t be undone. (Active)
= We can’t undo what we do.
12. We depend on what he says. (Passive)
= What is said by him is depended on by us.
13. He told me that he had done the work. (Passive)
= I was told that the work had been done by him.
14. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles. (Passive)
= His house was searched and a number of stolen articles were found by them.
15. People say that the lion is the king of beast. (Passive)
= It is said that the lion is the king of beast.
= He was received and given a valuable gift by us.
2. We went there but found nothing. (Passive)
= We went there but nothing was found.
3. As we invited him, he didn’t miss the program. (Passive)
= As he was invited by us, the program was not missed by him.
4. Though he is poor, we respect him. (Passive)
= Though he is poor, he is respected by us.
5. We know that the earth is round. (Passive)
= It is known to us that the earth is round. / That the earth is round is known to us.
6. No one knows what the truth is. (Passive)
= It is known to none what the truth is.
7. I knew when he would come. (Passive)
= It was known to me when he would come. / When he would come was known to me.
8. That America was discovered by Columbus is known to us. (Active)
= We know that Columbus discovered America.
9. One should read only what one likes. (Passive)
= What is liked by one should be read only.
10. We must endure what we can’t cure. (Passive)
= What can’t be cured must be endured.
11. What is done can’t be undone. (Active)
= We can’t undo what we do.
12. We depend on what he says. (Passive)
= What is said by him is depended on by us.
13. He told me that he had done the work. (Passive)
= I was told that the work had been done by him.
14. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles. (Passive)
= His house was searched and a number of stolen articles were found by them.
15. People say that the lion is the king of beast. (Passive)
= It is said that the lion is the king of beast.
Rule 11: Use of Hidden Object as the Subject of Active statement.
Exercise:
1. A criminal has been arrested.
(Active)
= Police have arrested a criminal.
2. My book was stolen. (Active)
= Someone/ A thief stole my book.
3. He is not known. (Active)
= None knows him.
4. Our promise should be kept. (Active)
= We should keep our promise.
5. One’s promise should be kept. (Active)
= One should keep one’s promise.
6. The tree has been uprooted. (Active)
= The storm has uprooted the tree.
7. He was accused of murder. (Active)
= Police accused him of murder.
8. He was charged with murder. (Active)
= Police charged him with murder.
9. His pen has been stolen. (Active)
= Someone has stolen his pen.
10. He was murdered at day light. (Active)
= Someone murdered him at day light.
11. English is spoken all over the world. (Active)
= People speak English all over the world.
12. I had been invited to the party. (Active)
= My friend invited me to the party.
13. The ship was burnt. (Active)
= Fire burnt the ship.
14. He was awarded a gold medal. (Active)
= They awarded him a gold medal.
15. The thief was caught. (Active)
= The police caught the thief.
= Police have arrested a criminal.
2. My book was stolen. (Active)
= Someone/ A thief stole my book.
3. He is not known. (Active)
= None knows him.
4. Our promise should be kept. (Active)
= We should keep our promise.
5. One’s promise should be kept. (Active)
= One should keep one’s promise.
6. The tree has been uprooted. (Active)
= The storm has uprooted the tree.
7. He was accused of murder. (Active)
= Police accused him of murder.
8. He was charged with murder. (Active)
= Police charged him with murder.
9. His pen has been stolen. (Active)
= Someone has stolen his pen.
10. He was murdered at day light. (Active)
= Someone murdered him at day light.
11. English is spoken all over the world. (Active)
= People speak English all over the world.
12. I had been invited to the party. (Active)
= My friend invited me to the party.
13. The ship was burnt. (Active)
= Fire burnt the ship.
14. He was awarded a gold medal. (Active)
= They awarded him a gold medal.
15. The thief was caught. (Active)
= The police caught the thief.
Interrogative Sentence
Rule 1: Yes/ No Questions
Exercise:
1. Do you imitate others? (Passive)
= Are others imitated by you?
2. Did the workers do the work? (Passive)
= Was the work done by the workers?
3. Is the postbox opened by the postman? (Active)
= Does the post man open the postbox?
4. Were the naughty boys fined by the class teacher? (Active)
= Did the class teacher fine the naughty boys?
5. Will the boys make a Journey? (Passive)
= Will a Journey be made by the boys?
6. Has the boys drawn the picture? (Passive)
= Has the picture been drawn by the boys?
7. Was the house being built by the workers? (Active)
= Were the workers building the house?
8. Shouldn’t you love your relatives? (Passive)
= Shouldn’t your relatives be loved by you?
9. Hasn’t the tailor made my dress? (Passive)
= Hasn’t my dress been made by the tailor?
10. Haven’t they chosen one of the boys? (Passive)
= Hasn’t one of the boys been chosen by them?
= Are others imitated by you?
2. Did the workers do the work? (Passive)
= Was the work done by the workers?
3. Is the postbox opened by the postman? (Active)
= Does the post man open the postbox?
4. Were the naughty boys fined by the class teacher? (Active)
= Did the class teacher fine the naughty boys?
5. Will the boys make a Journey? (Passive)
= Will a Journey be made by the boys?
6. Has the boys drawn the picture? (Passive)
= Has the picture been drawn by the boys?
7. Was the house being built by the workers? (Active)
= Were the workers building the house?
8. Shouldn’t you love your relatives? (Passive)
= Shouldn’t your relatives be loved by you?
9. Hasn’t the tailor made my dress? (Passive)
= Hasn’t my dress been made by the tailor?
10. Haven’t they chosen one of the boys? (Passive)
= Hasn’t one of the boys been chosen by them?
Rule 2: WH Questions (Why, How, Where, When)
Exercise:
1. Why did the teacher punish you?
(Passive)
= Why were you punished by the teacher?
2. How is it done by him? (Active)
= How does he do it?
3. Where will they take a rest? (Passive)
= Where will a rest be taken by them?
4. When will they announce the results?
= When will the results be announced by them?
5. How have you finished work?
= How has the work been finished by you?
= Why were you punished by the teacher?
2. How is it done by him? (Active)
= How does he do it?
3. Where will they take a rest? (Passive)
= Where will a rest be taken by them?
4. When will they announce the results?
= When will the results be announced by them?
5. How have you finished work?
= How has the work been finished by you?
Rule 3: WH Questions (What, What + Noun, Which + Noun, Whose +
Noun, How much + Noun, How many + Noun)
Active: (What/ What + Noun/ Which + Noun/ Whose + Noun/ How much
+ Noun/ How many + Noun) + AV of active + Subject + Verb + ?
Passive: (What/ What + Noun/ Which + Noun/ Whose + Noun/ How much + Noun/ How many + Noun) + AV of passive + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Passive: (What/ What + Noun/ Which + Noun/ Whose + Noun/ How much + Noun/ How many + Noun) + AV of passive + V3 + by + Subject + ?
Exercise:
1. What do you want? (Passive)
= What is wanted by you?
2. What did they bring? (Passive)
= What was brought by them?
3. Which Job should I choose? (Passive)
= Which job should be chosen by me?
4. Whose book have you borrowed? (Passive)
= Whose book has been borrowed by you?
5. How much money do you need? (Passive)
= How much money is needed by you?
6. Which tree did they fell? (Passive)
= Which tree was felled by them?
7. What will your brother sell? (Passive)
= What will be sold by your brother?
8. What does Aladin do for a living? (Passive)
= What was done for a living by Aladin?
9. Which flat did you choose? (Passive)
= Which flat was chosen by you?
10. How much money has the piper demanded? (Passive)
= How much money has been demanded by the piper?
= What is wanted by you?
2. What did they bring? (Passive)
= What was brought by them?
3. Which Job should I choose? (Passive)
= Which job should be chosen by me?
4. Whose book have you borrowed? (Passive)
= Whose book has been borrowed by you?
5. How much money do you need? (Passive)
= How much money is needed by you?
6. Which tree did they fell? (Passive)
= Which tree was felled by them?
7. What will your brother sell? (Passive)
= What will be sold by your brother?
8. What does Aladin do for a living? (Passive)
= What was done for a living by Aladin?
9. Which flat did you choose? (Passive)
= Which flat was chosen by you?
10. How much money has the piper demanded? (Passive)
= How much money has been demanded by the piper?
Rule 4:
Active
|
Passive
|
Whom + AV of active + Subject +
Verb + ?
|
Who + AV of passive + V3
+ by + Subject + ?
|
Who + AV of active + Verb + Object?
|
By whom + AV of passive + Object +
V3?
|
Exercise:
1. Who is calling me? (Passive)
= By whom am I being called?
2. Who has broken the glasses? (Passive)
= By whom have the glasses been broken?
3. Who will help you? (Passive)
= By whom will you be helped?
4. Whom did you see on the road? (Passive)
= Who was seen by you on the road?
5. Whom has he beaten? (Passive)
= Who has been beaten by him?
6. Whom is he teaching English? (Passive)
= Who is being taught English by him?
7. Whom do you like? (Passive)
= Who is liked by you?
8. Whom will they invite? (Passive)
= Who will be invited by them?
9. Who helped the orphan boy? (Passive)
= By whom was the orphan boy helped?
10. Who has been punished by the teacher? (Active)
= Whom has the teacher punished?
= By whom am I being called?
2. Who has broken the glasses? (Passive)
= By whom have the glasses been broken?
3. Who will help you? (Passive)
= By whom will you be helped?
4. Whom did you see on the road? (Passive)
= Who was seen by you on the road?
5. Whom has he beaten? (Passive)
= Who has been beaten by him?
6. Whom is he teaching English? (Passive)
= Who is being taught English by him?
7. Whom do you like? (Passive)
= Who is liked by you?
8. Whom will they invite? (Passive)
= Who will be invited by them?
9. Who helped the orphan boy? (Passive)
= By whom was the orphan boy helped?
10. Who has been punished by the teacher? (Active)
= Whom has the teacher punished?
Imperative Sentence
Rule 1:
Active
|
Passive
|
Verb + Complement.
|
Let + Object + be + V3
|
Don’t + Verb + Complement.
|
Let not + Object + be + V3
|
Never + Verb + Complement.
|
Let never + Object + be + V3
|
Let + 1st Object + V1
+ 2nd Object
|
Let + 2nd Object + be +
V3 + by 1st Object
|
Verb + Personal Object +
Complement.
|
Let + Object + be + V3 +
for + Personal Object.
|
Please/ Kindly + Verb +
Complement.
|
You are requested to + V1 +
Complement.
|
Exercise:
1. Buy me a shirt. (Passive)
= Let a shirt be bought for me.
2. Do the work. (Passive)
= Let the work be done.
3. Shut the door. (Passive)
= Let the door be shut.
4. Write the letter without any delay. (Passive)
= Let the letter be written without any delay.
5. Do not shut the door. (Passive)
= Let not the door be shut.
6. Do not play football at noon. (Passive)
= Let not football be played at noon.
7. Do not hate the poor. (Passive)
= Let not the poor be hated.
8. Let me do the work. (Passive)
= Let the work be done by me.
9. Let him write a letter. (Passive)
= Let a letter be written by him.
10. Let the girl sing a song. (Passive)
= Let a song be sung by the girl.
11. Never tell a lie. (Passive)
= Let never a lie be told.
12. Buy me a shirt. (Passive)
= Let a shirt be bought for me.
13. Look into the matter. (Passive)
= Let the matter be looked into.
14. Pen through the lines. (Passive)
= Let the lines be penned through.
15. Do away with it. (Passive)
= Let it be done away with.
16. Please, listen to me. (Passive)
= You are requested to listen to me.
17. Kindly, wait a bit. (Passive)
= You are requested to wait a bit.
18. Please put the book on the desk. (Passive)
= You are requested to put the book on the desk.
19. Always speak the truth. (Passive)
= Let the truth always be spoken.
20. Pluck Area a flower. (Passive)
= Let a flower be plucked for Aria.
= Let a shirt be bought for me.
2. Do the work. (Passive)
= Let the work be done.
3. Shut the door. (Passive)
= Let the door be shut.
4. Write the letter without any delay. (Passive)
= Let the letter be written without any delay.
5. Do not shut the door. (Passive)
= Let not the door be shut.
6. Do not play football at noon. (Passive)
= Let not football be played at noon.
7. Do not hate the poor. (Passive)
= Let not the poor be hated.
8. Let me do the work. (Passive)
= Let the work be done by me.
9. Let him write a letter. (Passive)
= Let a letter be written by him.
10. Let the girl sing a song. (Passive)
= Let a song be sung by the girl.
11. Never tell a lie. (Passive)
= Let never a lie be told.
12. Buy me a shirt. (Passive)
= Let a shirt be bought for me.
13. Look into the matter. (Passive)
= Let the matter be looked into.
14. Pen through the lines. (Passive)
= Let the lines be penned through.
15. Do away with it. (Passive)
= Let it be done away with.
16. Please, listen to me. (Passive)
= You are requested to listen to me.
17. Kindly, wait a bit. (Passive)
= You are requested to wait a bit.
18. Please put the book on the desk. (Passive)
= You are requested to put the book on the desk.
19. Always speak the truth. (Passive)
= Let the truth always be spoken.
20. Pluck Area a flower. (Passive)
= Let a flower be plucked for Aria.
------------- The End
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